Science teacher preparation in Malawi (Doctorate dissertation)

''In Malawi, one of the education policies as stipulated in the Policy and Investment Framework (PIF, 2001)recommends teaching and learning using locally available resources (TALULAR). It was noted by Chakwera, Thawe, Banda, Matemba, January, Saiti, et al. (2001) that “TALULAR ideas can assist in making teaching and learning effective and making the education system more sustainable by introducing important cost-effective classroom technologies” (p. 103). These locally available resources may include: (a) human resources such as guest speakers; ( b) material resources such as charts, diagrams, artifacts and models; and (c) non-material resources such as individual talents (Chakwera, et al., 2001). It should be noted that knowing how to make and use locally available resources requires teacher creativity and innovative skills. The teachers are required to know: (a) types of locally available resources that can be used for teaching and learning; (b) how to use the locally available resources effectively; and (c) understand how these resources can be used in a variety of subject areas.'' (page 20)
Wotchiwe Mtonga Kalande. 2006. The Influence of Science Teacher Preparation Programs on Instructional Practices of Beginning Primary School Teachers in Malawi. Dissertation... Doctor of Philosophy... Virginia Tech.
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12182006-134936/unrestricted/Wotchiwe-DissFinal.pdf